Episode 446 Show Notes

Welcome to mintCast

the Podcast by the Linux Mint Community for All Users of Linux

This is Episode 446!

This is Episode 446.5!

Recorded on Sunday, September 15, 2024.

with the shows too close together im Joe; definitely wanting to be here, I’m Moss; Counting the minutes til next weekend, I’m Bill; and up in orbit, I’m Eric

— Play Standard Intro —

  • Please remember if you want to follow along with our discussions, the full show notes for this episode are linked in the show’s description
  • First up in the news: Mint Monthly News – August 2024, Software Freedom Day,
  • In security and privacy: Apple Suddenly Drops NSO Group Spyware Lawsuit;
  • Then in our Wanderings: Bill flirts with Ladybird, Joe gets jiggy with his ports, Moss does something or other, Eric gets COSMIC;
  • In our Innards section: we discuss DRM and digital media providers
  • And finally, the feedback and a couple of suggestions

— Play News Transition Bumper —

The News

20 minutes

  • Mint Monthly News – August 2024
    • From the Mint blog (via londoner)
    • Server upgrades: The repository servers were upgraded. They are now able to serve packages at 10 Gbps, which is 10 times faster than before. Bottlenecks are no longer observed during large updates when packages such as Firefox or Chromium are updated concurrently.
    • Upgrade path: The upgrade between Mint 21.3 and 22 was broken last week due to package conflicts introduced upstream in Ubuntu 24.04 on Samba and LibreOffice. When Debian unstable was frozen to make the Ubuntu 24.04 package base, Debian was performing a large transition towards new T64 packages (T64 refers to 64-bit time and the year 2038 problem [londoner]). When the 24.04 release was delayed, it was to address the XZ backdoor (as all packages had to be recompiled). The package base was also in really bad shape though. A week before it was due, the Mint devs couldn’t even debootsrap it. Credits to Canonical, by the time 24.04 was released, everything was stable. The transition to T64 wasn’t finished though and so the path from 22.04 to 24.04 was delayed until 24.04.1.
    • This usually never happens. Post-release the 24.04 package base still needs to catch up with Debian to backport the rest of the T64 transition. Only then can the upgrade path be stable and open. This is really quite complex because the 24.04 base is frozen and stable.. but Debian unstable itself has moved on. The situation is being worked on and addressed upstream by Canonical. It’s getting better and better but regressions can pop in and break the upgrade path at any moment.
    • Now, because the T64 situation was already a problem for the Mint 22 upgrade, it was addressed somehow in the upgrade tool. The 21.3 -> 22 upgrade is able to transition towards T64 packages even when the packaging doesn’t handle the transition. What it can’t do though is get passed actual dependency conflicts.
    • The Mint team been re-testing the upgrade path 3 times since the last blog post. They considered closing it. The situation with LibreOffice and Samba is now behind us. The upgrade path, as we speak, is functional. As always and now more than ever though, they’d like to insist on performing system snapshots and data backups prior to any upgrade.
    • Default Cinnamon theme: Outside of Linux Mint, Cinnamon looks pretty ugly. In our distribution the focus is on Mint-Y. The default Cinnamon theme is maintained for troubleshooting purposes and rarely gets attention from theme artists. Ideally, it is the responsibility of the distributions to make things look good. In practice, many do not maintain their own themes, focus on other desktops or insist on using default settings. To address this problem Cinnamon 6.4 will ship with a much improved default theme.
    • Maintaining better APT libraries and utilities: One of the big projects for Mint 22.1 is to review the APT dependencies to clean up, rationalize and modernize the tools and libraries we rely on. APT isn’t just a command line utility. It’s a huge collection of tools and utilities. Think of aptitude, synaptic, gdebi, apturl. It’s also a set of libraries such as aptdaemon or packagekit which allow many of the software applications we maintain to perform package management.
    • Many of our applications in Mint use these libraries: The MATE menu, the Cinnamon menu, the driver manager, software manager, software sources, update manager, welcome screen, reports manager, locale and input method configuration tools, backup tool…
    • Some of these APT tools and libraries were written more than a decade ago and are no longer maintained upstream. Linux Mint, Ubuntu and Debian have been patching them throughout the years so they still work, but their design, their translations, the features they provide are stuck in the past. Every Mint release is a reminder of this and a list of long-lasting paper cuts which the team is unable to address. Because these utilities and libraries are very important the team decided to simplify how they are used and to maintain them. Going forward they want perfect translations, no more paper cuts and if something needed is missing they’ll just implement it.
    • Gdebi and apturl were merged into a single utility application called Captain.
    • Aptdaemon and mintcommon-aptdaemon were merged into a library called Aptkit.
    • All the tools which previously used Aptdaemon, Synaptic or apturl will now use Aptkit and Captain.
    • The tools which use Packagekit don’t necessarily need to transition away from it. Packagekit is actively maintained. It doesn’t provide a set of Gtk3 widgets or translations like Aptkit does, but these tools don’t need them.
    • All in all, this is a lot of work and you as a user won’t really see much difference on your desktop. The paper cuts are gone though and if you find new ones, this time we’ll be able to fix them.
    • LMDE 5 EOL: LMDE 5 “Elsie” reached End Of Life and is no longer maintained. The repositories will continue to work for a while but this release will no longer receive updates. If you are using LMDE 5 please visit the following link to upgrade to LMDE 6: https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=4571
    • Lastly: In July a total of $16,029 was raised thanks to the generous contributions of 582 donors: In addition, Linux Mint is proudly supported by 1,318 patrons, for a sum of $3,597 per month.
  • Software Freedom Day – Moss
    • direct from System76
    • System76, a leading advocate for Linux and open-source software, is teaming up with the Digital Freedom Foundation (DFF) to revitalize Software Freedom Day (SFD) on September 21, 2024. This partnership aims to address last year’s dip in U.S. participation by encouraging global engagement through various events. The goal is to see at least ten U.S. SFD events and to double global participation, with System76 and DFF working to inspire communities and amplify the importance of digital rights and open-source software.
    • To energize this year’s celebrations, the DFF is launching the Huion Graphics Challenge, inviting teams to showcase free and open-source graphics software in creative ways. Additionally, System76’s Global Sticker Rep program will distribute new themed stickers to spark conversations and build excitement. Everyone is encouraged to register events, join the movement, and celebrate the transformative power of software freedom. For more details, visit digitalfreedoms.org/sfd and follow updates on social media.
  • Mozilla Firefox 130 Released with Labs, Overscroll & Web Codecs API
    • from OMGUbuntu
    • On Linux, Firefox 130 enables overscroll animations by default, having added them on other platforms a few years back. This is a familiar visual effect from mobile systems: when you try to scroll beyond the edge content an elastic animation indicates “nuh-uh”.
    • Now, lest anyone end up confused, these new (on Linux) Firefox over-scroll animations only play if you’re using a touchpad/trackpad to overscroll. You don’t see the effect when using a mouse.
    • Language fan? You may be interested to hear Firefox 130 now lets you select a portion of text within a full-page after it’s been translated so you can translate it to another language. Confused? Translate whole page first, then select some text to re-translate that portion.
    • For me, the best change in Firefox 130 is Firefox Labs. This new section in Settings makes it easy to opt-in to try-out experimental features in development for future releases. If you’ve used Firefox Nightly builds you may be familiar with this page.
    • A handful of ‘experiments’ are offered in this release, including the handy auto-open picture-in-picture option I wrote about recently, and the ability to access an AI chatbot of your choice from a sidebar, or selecting text and clicking the sparkle emoji.
    • You may recall hearing about this feature before, as the first shoots towards the goal sprung up in Firefox 123 earlier this year. The Web Codecs API gives websites/services/apps “low-level access to audio and video encoders and decoders” if needed for better performance.
    • Mozilla also says it has fixed the issue with the Copy and Paste context menu actions sometimes not appearing when they should. This fix may also be back-ported to ESR in a future point release.
    • Naturally. there’s more to this release than just the hand-picked highlights above. Bugs got squashed, UI kinks ironed out, performance improved, and web compatibility bolstered. Read through the developer change-log for more details.
    • To benefit from all of the changes mentioned above, you’ll need to update to Firefox 130. Depending on your OS or installation method, this may be automatic, or you may need to wait for a package manager to distribute the update to you.
    • On Ubuntu, the Firefox Snap is silently updated in the background; the Firefox Linux binary downloads the update in-app, and applies it when the browser is restarted; while the Firefox DEB from the Mozilla APT repo will appear in Ubuntu’s Software Updater tool.
    • Otherwise, download Mozilla Firefox from the official website, which provides installers for macOS and Windows, binaries for Linux (including ARM), and links to the setup docs for the official Mozilla APT repo should you want a Firefox DEB.
  • ArchBang Calls It Quits Moss
    • from ArchBang blog, by mrgreen
    • Today is my 60th birthday, have decided that after ten years of working on ArchBang it is time to call it a day.
    • What I wanted to achieve was a simple easy way to try out Archlinux and maybe even allow someone to install Arch. Like to think that ArchBang led the way to allow other arch based distros to be created.
    • Come a long way from first installing arch twenty years ago to running a popular Openbox based distro.
    • Always thought of ArchBang as a hobby and I enjoy challenges and solving problems.
    • What happens next? I will keep blog up and running as long as I can. Isos will no longer be updated weekly any more. Source files I will leave up on gitlab but I do feel that abinstall is getting old, archinstall can do so much more and is fully maintained. If it could install without a network connection it would be a real winner.
    • To all my friends, users and supporters over the years I wish to thank you and wish you well for the future.
    • Not so much of an ending but maybe the start of something new…..
    • Stay safe 😉
  • Upgrades to Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Paused [Update: Now Resolved]
    • from OMGUbuntu
    • Last week, the first point release of Ubuntu 24.04 LTS arrived, and upgrades from Ubuntu 22.04 LTS to the newest one officially enabled.
    • The bugs in question were resolved September 9th, and direct upgrades re-enabled. If you want to upgrade from 22.04 LTS to 24.04 LTS you’re now good to go.
    • However, those upgrades didn’t go smoothly for everyone who tried, be it on Ubuntu server or Ubuntu desktop.
    • To prevent further headaches, Canonical has decided to pause upgrades to Ubuntu 24.04 LTS from Ubuntu 22.04 LTS while its developers work out the kinks.
    • Yesterday, the ‘noble’ release got edited out of the meta-release-lts file (which Ubuntu systems check to detect new versions), preventing users from upgrading to Ubuntu 24.04.1 LTS through officially-supported methods.
    • Folks attempting to upgrade, but suddenly finding they couldn’t, were left wondering why.
    • In reply, Canonical explains that it halted upgrades “due to a critical bug in ubuntu-release-upgrader in the way it’s using the apt solver (though other recurring issues have been reported on Launchpad and mentioned on social media in the past week).
    • Of course, issues ought to be expected in any major OS upgrade, especially for LTS-to-LTS transitions, as upgrading an extensive foundational stack that’s 2 years old is far from trivial. Even the most attentive testing prior to release won’t uncover every edge-case calamity in time.
    • Plus, this isn’t the first time Noble upgrades have caused issues. When Ubuntu 24.04 LTS was released in April, users on Ubuntu 23.10 were able to upgrade, but later advised not to due to critical bugs (unrelated to this one).
    • Developers are now working to resolve the issue causing LT- to-LTS upgrades to fail (for some users), but until those fixes are ready, upgrades will remain paused.
    • Upgrades to Ubuntu 24.04 LTS from 22.04 will be re-enabled once everything is out, in place, and deemed stable enough.
    • Still, once those upgrades are re-enabled I’d recommend anyone planning to make the leap to keep some ‘recovery media’ (like a bootable Ubuntu installer on a USB drive) to hand — just in case.
  • Linux Mint Tease ‘Improved’ Default Cinnamon Theme
    • from OMGUbuntu
    • The Cinnamon desktop environment looks pretty nice on Linux Mint, but if you install it on other distributions it doesn’t look as good — but that’s about to change.
    • In his latest monthly mail-shot, distro lead Clement Lefebvre says the “ugly” default Cinnamon theme, which is maintained for trouble-shooting and testing purpose and is not the theme Linux Mint itself sets as default, will be “much improved” in Cinnamon 6.4.
    • “In our distribution the focus is on Mint-Y. The default Cinnamon theme […] rarely gets attention from theme artists,” he says.
    • “Ideally, it is the responsibility of the distributions to make things look good. In practice, many do not maintain their own themes, focus on other desktops or insist on using default settings.”
    • The plethora of third-party Cinnamon themes show just how attractive this desktop can look, so offering a better-looking ‘vanilla’ theme will make a better impression with those installing Cinnamon desktop on other distros.
    • That’s not the only thing changing, either.
    • Linux Mint plan to “clean up, rationalize and modernize the tools and libraries” it relies on, with an initial focus on simplifying APT (which is not a single thing but made up of a myriad of tools and libraries, some of which are decades old and no longer maintained).
    • Patching has been the go-to solution, but Mint’s come to the conclusion “…their design, their translations, the features they provide are stuck in the past. Every Mint release is a reminder of this and a list of long-lasting paper cuts which we’re unable to address.”
    • Pruning the packages used by the underlying package manager means a handful of common tools in Linux Mint will (in future updates) be removed or replaced, depending on what’s needed.
    • Captain is a new unified tool for Linux Mint that replaces Gdebi and apturl.
    • Gdebi is a standalone GUI installer for DEB packages and while it works just fine it is no longer actively maintained. Meanwhile, apturl is a Canonical creation (from the days of the Ubuntu Software Center) to handle apt:url links, e.g., click this.
    • Aptkit is Linux Mint’s new library that combines the functionality of aptdaemon and mintcommon-aptdaemon into a single package.
    • Anything in Linux Mint which currently relys on aptdaemon, Synaptic, apturl, et al will transition to using Aptkit and Captain going forward.
    • Users won’t “see much difference” on their desktop, Mint say, but say ‘paper cuts’ and other issues inherent in the old version will be resolved, and should new bugs crop-up in its home-grown replacements, it will be able to fix the cause, not patch.
    • Linux Mint 22.1 will be the next release of this Ubuntu-based Linux distribution, expected for release towards the end of the year. Linux Mint 22, released earlier this year, and based on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS, is the newest stable version.
    • [mintCast commenters on Discord feel OMGUbuntu got a lot wrong: discuss]

— Play Security Transition Bumper —

Security and Privacy

10 minutes

  • Apple Suddenly Drops NSO Group Spyware Lawsuit
    • from SecurityWeek
    • Apple has abruptly withdrawn its lawsuit against NSO Group, citing increased risk that the legal battle might unintentionally reveal sensitive vulnerability data and difficulties in acquiring essential information from the spyware vendor.
    • “When it filed this lawsuit nearly three years ago, Apple recognized that it would involve sharing information with third parties. However, developments since then have reshaped the risk landscape associated with sharing such information,” the Cupertino device maker said.
    • “Apple knows and appreciates that this Court would take the utmost care with the sensitive information relevant to this case. But it is also aware that — now more than ever — predatory spyware companies, including those not before this Court, will use any means to obtain this information,” the company added.
    • “Any disclosure, even under the most stringent controls, puts this information at risk. Due to the developments since this suit was filed, proceeding forward at this time would now present too significant a risk to Apple’s threat-intelligence program.”
    • The case, originally filed in 2021 in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, sought to to hold NSO Group accountable for hacking into Apple’s iOS platforms with so-called zero-click exploits to spy on researchers, journalists, activists, dissidents, academics, and government officials.
    • Apple and WhatApp maker Meta have accused NSO Group of creating “sophisticated, state-sponsored surveillance technology that allows its highly targeted spyware to surveil its victims” and moved to the US courts to ban the company from using its software, services or devices.
    • On Friday, Apple also cited concerns that NSO Group and unidentified officials in Israel may have taken actions to avoid producing information during discovery. “This means that going forward with this case will potentially involve disclosure to third parties of the information Apple uses to defeat spyware while Defendants and others create significant obstacles to obtaining an effective remedy,” the company said.
    • Apple also pointed to shifting dynamics in the commercial spyware industry and cautioned that even a legal victory might have limited impact on the broader surveillance software landscape.
    • “Defendants have been partly supplanted by numerous other spyware companies, dispersing threats that were once concentrated in a single powerful actor; consequently, even a complete victory in this suit would not have the same impact as in 2021, as other unaffiliated spyware companies would remain unaffected and could continue their destructive tactics,” the company added.
    • Meta-owned WhatsApp has also sued NSO Group, accusing the controversial company of using its messaging service to conduct cyberespionage on journalists, human rights activists and others.

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Bi-Weekly Wanderings

30 minutes (~5-8 mins each)

  • Bill
    • Well, it’s been some time since I’ve been on the show, and unfortunately I’ve got little in the way of tech to talk about, save a couple of things. Some time back, as part of our “Check This Out” section, we introduced an android keyboard app called “Futo” which among it’s considerable list of features is the “on-device” way of handling voice to text. This is a must for me, given how much time I spend behind the wheel. I am pleased to say I’m still using the keyboard, and have even donated some money to the project which is on Github, and is open source. This keyboard is an excellent alternative to what ever built in thing devices come with, and lacks the cloud-based data harvesting of the Gboard. For some time, I was using an Fdroid-installed keyboard called “Florisboard” but that project seems to have stagnated for some time now. The thing I liked about it was that it looked and behaved like the Gboard which leaving the Google hate aside, is an excellent keyboard. The biggest problem with it was that the “voice” button just executed the Samsung voice to text thing, and there seemed to be no way to switch it out. Both the Samsung keyboard, and the voice texting functionality are in my opinion, garbage. If you haven’t already, go check FUTO out. It’s in whatever app store you’re device uses.
    • One thing I’m excited to talk about is a new browser which is on Github and is in what I’d consider a “pre-pre-alpha” stage. You have to download the Git repo, and build it yourself, but I’m really happy to say it’s working. The name of the new browser is “Ladybird.” This new browser is headed by the former lead dev of the the Serenity OS project.
  • Joe
    • Well last week I talked about the Likebook Mars. Really a good device. I mean it is an e-ink e-reader that looks like it will read the books to you if you hook up headphones. Which is kinda cool. The device is also really well built and not that hard to work on.
    • As mentioned before one of the listeners from one of my other shows sent it to me because the USB port was getting loose and difficult to to make sure that the device charged.
    • I got it a little while back and had to make sure that the device was as stated(it was) and then I had to make sure I had the correct parts. I found my box of replacement micro USB ports and my solder wick and did the work on a different one of my shows. I tried to remove the port with just my soldering iron and the solder wick but that was a no go. I seriously considered stopping and ordering a hot air station but then I remembered that I had a hot air gun, that while not as precise it would get the job done.
    • The hot air gun worked like a charm after I blocked off the nearby plastic parts. I had to do the replacement twice because the first time I had the wrong micro USB port, but after that I used my soldering iron to put it on because I was worried about the plastic but yeah solid port and charges easy. Still wont connect to a Linux computer though. Not sure if it is because of my soldering or something to do with the device. Can still load books with the built in webserver though. Also not my prettiest port replacement ever but it will do the job.
    • Had a problem with the grips on a couple of my weight handles getting too compressed and no longer being comfortable to use without pinching my hands. They are like 15 years old or something. I removed the old grips to see what was underneath and the thing is one long screw. So off to Thingiverse I go and find a couple of designs. I found one that would work but it wasn’t quite what I wanted so I pulled that and another STL that had the threading that I wanted and after extending the screw by cutting it and lining it up at a higher height and then lining that up with the handle after filling in the core I was able to turn the screw into a void and merge it all together.
    • That print will be tested and I will get back to you
    • One other thing that I did not like was how smooth the print came out. I mean it looked fabulous but I have my concerns about when my hands start to sweat if I will be able to grip it properly, so I have gone back to the design and I have put small voids all around the device that should not be any trouble to print but should provide a little bit of texture.
    • The original one that I printed from the original design worked really well and is solidly on there. But I decided to print the new one anyway since I needed two and I want to see how well it works.
    • Also some of my headphone hangers that I previously printed years ago were starting to fall apart. I’m ok with that I mean its not like the plastic is expensive. So I found another design and printed it, decided that it was too small, scaled it up and printed again. I am happy with the results and I think that with the changes that I have made with the walls and the infill that these may last even longer.
    • I am trying to get my portable router into extender mode that works
    • The wife decided that we needed a new dog to help keep her and the kids company. The first one was going to be a German shepherd that was being fostered but that fell through so we ended up going to the animal shelter and getting an Australian Sheepdog. He is a very friendly puppy named Osiris and may make occasional appearances on the show.
  • Moss
    • I got another couple days of work at the high school. Nothing major.
    • I received an email from Pine64 Friday the 13th that they received my watch intact, and will send a new one to me “next week”. Then I received another on Saturday the 14th (late) that said it has been sent and gave me a tracking number, saying it should take from 10 days to 6 weeks to arrive.
    • We went to see Deadpool and Wolverine. Not sure how well it held together, but large parts of it were fun. I’m not certain, but I think the first two were better.
    • One person on my Mastodon feed watched The Adventures of Buckaroo Bonzai for the first time, and got really excited. I helped her find some background material.
    • I’m still trying to get to book 4 of Ken McConnell’s series. I have my PineTab working, supposedly, so I should be able to get to that.
  • Majid
  • Eric
    • COVID is still kicking my butt so I really haven’t done too much.
    • I decided to try the alpha release of System76’s COSMIC desktop. It has the big pieces in place, like the window manager, compositor, file manager, terminal app, text editor, settings app, and so on. It lacks refinement, which is exactly what you would expect at this stage but is actually usable, mostly. Some things like Bluetooth were a challenge without UI controls. I had to do most things like that from the command line and it wasn’t easy to use but it shows great promise. It feels like a worthy successor to Pop!_OS with its built in dock, launcher, and tiling manager.

— Play Innards Transition Bumper —

Linux Innards

30 minutes (~5-8 minutes each)

  • Free discussion of DRM and digital media providers
  • Today’s topic is partially derived from an article Bill found on The Verge, describing the downfall of “Red Box”, a kiosk based DVD rental company which was arguably the last corporate vestige of the physical video rental business in America.
    • Red Box had as part of it’s business model, a streaming service which offered the ability to “buy” movies to be watched on it’s platform. Many people no doubt used the platform as their media library. Now those people have no access to the content they paid for. As of today, their website is throwing an error, referencing an error with the server’s system clock. The Android app will no longer connect either. This all once again begs the question we’ve all been asking about streaming content providers, and the presumed ownership of the materials Links to both the article on The Verge, and Red Box’s website are in this episode’s show notes.
  • Does the reality of Digital rights make a good argument for having physical copies of the material you want on-demand access to?
  • Is it perhaps an even better idea to rip the digital media (legally) and save to be either archived, or as part of some kind of media server?
  • Some examples of local media hosting solutions include, but are not limited to:
    • Jellyfin
      • Open source, most commonly ran with either Docker, or the Snap
    • Plex
      • Proprietary, connected to an external account and integrated streaming service. Does do local media streaming
    • Kodi with a Samba server
      • Open source, requires a samba server running on the LAN, or media physically located on the device running Kodi
  • DRM – “Digital Rights Management
    • What is the underlying problem with all of this? What was the original cause? Is the studio’s fear of pirating gone too far? Is it possible the Studio’s aggressive enforcement of DRM in fact “causes” piracy in some cases?
  • What are some of the streaming providers we rely on? What are some of our fears with regards to our ability to access the materials we’ve purchased?
  • What are you’re thoughts? Do you wonder if your provider will always be there to offer your content?

— Play Vibrations Transition Bumper —

Vibrations from the Ether

20 minutes (~5 minutes each)

— Play Check This Transition Bumper —

Check This Out

10 minutes

  • Ladybird Browser
    • Official Website
    • Github page
    • Give it a look, and throw them a few bucks if you can. It’s always going to be important to have a completely FOSS browser.

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Wrap-up

Before we leave, we want to make sure to acknowledge some of the people who make mintCast possible:

  • Bill for our audio editing
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  • Londoner for our time syncs and various other contributions
  • Bill Houser for hosting the server which runs our website, website maintenance, and the NextCloud server on which we host our show notes and raw audio
  • The Linux Mint development team for the fine distro we love to talk about <Thanks, Clem … and co!>

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